Dewpoint transmitters for high temperature duties
The new Vaisala Drycap dewpoint and temperature transmitters DMT345 and DMT346 measure dewpoint and mixing ratio directly in high temperature drying processes.
The new Vaisala Drycap dewpoint and temperature transmitters DMT345 and DMT346 measure dewpoint and mixing ratio directly in high temperature drying processes. Therefore, there is no need for sampling systems and trace heating in pipelines. The DMT345 probe is designed for direct measurement in temperatures up to 180C.
The optional installation flange allows for adjustable installation depth and therefore precise positioning.
In addition to measuring dewpoint and mixing ratio, the DMT345 measures temperature and relative humidity.
The DMT346 probe is constructed for humidity measurement in process temperatures between 140C and 350C.
The DMT346 comes with a cooling set as a standard accessory.
System cooling is accomplished without moving parts, additional power or cooling utilities.
This removes the risk of damage to the transmitter that may occur due to cooling failures.
The DMT345 and DMT346 incorporate the latest generation of the Vaisala Drycap Sensor, which provides accurate and reliable measurement with the best long-term stability and fastest response time available in the market.
The sensor recovers quickly after getting wet and is immune to particulate contamination, condensation, oil vapour and most chemicals.
Due to the patented auto-calibration feature, both transmitters have a low maintenance need.
The auto-calibration detects on-line possible measurement inaccuracies and automatically corrects dry-end drift in calibration.
The large numerical and graphical display with a multilingual menu allows the user to monitor operational data, measurement trends and up to 1-year measurement history.
Typical applications for the Vaisala Drycap dewpoint transmitters DMT345 and DMT346 include high temperature ovens in the food industry and high temperature drying in the process industry.
The Vaisala Group is a successful international technology company that develops and manufactures electronic measurement systems and equipment for meteorology, environmental sciences, traffic safety and industry.
Measurement of dew point in hydrogen
In the power industry hydrogen is frequently used as a direct coolant for the generator stator windings: the Cermax IS is introduced as an advanced portable hygrometer for monitoring hydrogen humidity.
Within the power industry it is common practice to use hydrogen as a direct coolant for the generator stator windings. Hydrogen is used because it has an extremely high heat transfer capacity and is much more efficient at transferring heat than any other medium. It is vital that this process can be measured and the Michell Instruments portable Cermax IS, with its hazardous area capabilities, is the ideal solution.
The re-circulating hydrogen removes heat from the generator, transferring it via a heat exchanger into a secondary cooling circuit which uses de-mineralised water.
Often this de-mineralised water is then cooled either by sea water or river water, dependent upon the location of the power station.
As it is not possible to hermetically seal the generator set castings, there is a potential for moisture to ingress from the surrounding air, similarly, as the heat exchanger gradually becomes more porous with age, it too will allow moisture to get into the hydrogen.
It is therefore essential that the dew point of the hydrogen is monitored and maintained at a safe level, as a build up of moisture in hydrogen can lead to a risk of flashover.
The Michell intrinsically safe portable dew point hygrometer can be used for this type of application as a spot check tool.
With raw performance, rugged reliability, fast response and ease of use, Cermax IS (with data logging facility) enables the user to make a quick on-site measurement.
With ATEX, FM and CSA certification, the fully self-contained portable hygrometer will allow the user to check moisture content at any point in the process.
Users usually rate a fast speed of response as a pre-requisite for a portable hygrometer.
Cermax IS has been designed with this key feature in mind.
With an inherently fast Ceramic Moisture Sensor and a minimum volume stainless steel sample housing, Cermax IS has a head start on the competition in this area.
If you couple this factor with Cermax IS user selectable field operation mode, which allows even ppm level measurements to be made in a just a few minutes, the result is a world-class portable hygrometer with superior performance.
Cermax IS also offers extremely high accuracy and repeatability.
The combination of advanced sensor technology and measurement circuitry give Cermax IS a standard measurement from -100 to +20C dew point (dp) and indication down to -120C and up to +30C dp.
The advanced portable hygrometer offers a measurement accuracy of +/- 1C dp in the range of +20C to -59.9C dp and +/-2C dp in the range -100 to -60C dp.
Enhanced halogen moisture analyser
The HR83 from Mettler Toledo has always been renowned for its unique reproducibility - now it has reached the 0.1mg resolution of the analytical balance, showing 0.001% moisture content.
The HR83 from Mettler Toledo has always been renowned for its unique reproducibility - now it has reached the 0.1mg resolution of the analytical balance. This provides 10 times higher resolution - 0.001% moisture content, 0.1mg weight display - making the HR83 the professional solution for regulated environments. What does this mean for your analyses?.
* Higher precision of results with smallest standard deviation.
* If your reference method requires the use of an analytical balance, the HR83 moisture analyser now provides this.
* Suitable for at-line production control of plastics.
* Ideal for samples with low moisture content.
Fast halogen heating, GxP compliance with traceable instrument check, AutoMet for fast method development combined with 40 methods and password protection, make the HR83 ideal for R+D and QC where many different types of sample are tested.
With LabX direct moisture software, you can transfer your moisture analysis results into Excel at a keystroke, eliminating transcription errors.
Stationary and portable pressure dewpoint meters
The formation of condensation water in a compressed air system often produces moisture on the forehead and even tears in the eyes of those in charge of quality assurance.
The formation of condensation water in a compressed air system often produces moisture on the forehead and even tears in the eyes of those in charge of quality assurance. This is because the consequences for process reliability can be quite dramatic, with the worst case scenario being the loss of the entire production output. It is therefore crucial to identify any possible risks or existing disturbances at an early stage.
And this is where pressure dewpoint measurement comes in.
Moisture in the air is natural, it is a physical necessity and essential to life.
However, under certain conditions moisture is only acceptable when it is controlled and suitably reduced.
For instance in compressed air systems.
Here, moisture can cause serious damage: premature tool wear, mechanical defects due to disrupted lubricating films, blistering of paints and plastics, sticking together of transported bulk goods such as sugar or granulates, increased bacteria formation in medical applications, etc.
As a result, the process engineer is faced with extensive malfunctions in the production plant, expensive standstills and higher reject rates - all factors pushing up the costs.
Quite clearly these are situations that a company operating in line with modern cost management and observing today’s quality standards can neither afford nor tolerate.
It is therefore rather surprising that many companies are not yet fully aware that continuous, comprehensive and reliable monitoring of the compressed air treatment is a major element determining process reliability within a production chain.
To this end, the precise measurement of the pressure dewpoint is indispensable for success.
It is well-known that the air can only take up a certain amount of water vapour.
How much exactly will depend on the actual air pressure and temperature.
If the moist room air cools down, for instance on a window pane, the water vapour will condense in the form of droplets and the glass will mist up - a result of condensation familiar even to children.
The point at which condensation commences - under atmospheric air pressure - is referred to as the dewpoint, or pressure dewpoint (PDP) in the case of compressed air.
It is when the humidity of the air, under the given conditions, has reached 100 percent, so that the air cannot retain any more water vapour.
As a general rule: the higher the temperature, the more water vapour can be taken up by the air, but the higher the air pressure, the lower the possible quantity of moisture in the air.
Therefore, the dewpoint is always determined by the factors ‘temperature’, ‘pressure’ and ‘relative air humidity’.
The relative air humidity is the proportion of the actual water vapour in the air in relation to the maximum possible quantity of water vapour in the air, i.e to the degree of saturation of the air.
And what is a pressure dewpoint (PDP)?
How does it differ from the ‘normal’, the atmospheric dewpoint?
As explained, the amount of moisture remaining in the air, will depend on the air temperature and the pressure.
With compressed air systems, it is a fundamental rule that a cubic metre of compressed air cannot hold more water vapour than a cubic metre of air under atmospheric conditions.
For instance, if eight cubic metres of atmospheric air are compressed to produce two cubic metres of compressed air, then six parts of water vapour will be ‘left over’ - assuming the same air temperature.
This excess water vapour will turn into condensate.
If the air cools down during the compression process, it will be even less able to retain moisture - and this leads to the formation of additional condensate.
On the other hand, if the compressed air is expanded to atmospheric pressure, the volume will increase.
At identical temperatures, the dewpoint of expanded air is therefore lower than the pressure dewpoint.
If the compressed air has a pressure dewpoint of, say, +3 C, there will be no condensation so long as the corresponding ambient temperature lies above +3 C.
However, if the ambient temperature drops below this value, the condensation process will set in immediately.
In view of the complex conditions described above, it is obvious that the dewpoint measurement in compressed air systems must be given top priority.
This is the only way to ensure a maximum of process reliability.
At the same time, the measurement of humidity depends on and is influenced by numerous factors, and this makes it generally more difficult than the measurement of temperature, pressure, filling level or weight.
To realize this, one only needs to think of leaks in the pipe network, the state of the material at the measuring point, impurities in the compressed air or the various flow velocities.
Dewpoint measuring systems have been continuously improved over the years.
One of the instruments used originally was a hair hygrometer of a type that required enormous maintenance expenditure and extremely long regeneration periods.
However, the measurement techniques gradually became more and more refined.
New devices were developed that utilise the principle of the dewpoint mirror method, where a stainless steel mirror is cooled with the aid of a Peltier element until water vapour condenses on the mirror.
An optoelectronic control loop then detects this condensate due to the reduction in the light reflected by the mirror, and determines the measured value via a number of functional steps.
Instruments of this kind are not suitable for the tough operating conditions in industry, since the optical system is very sensitive and gets dirty every time it is wetted and subsequently needs to be cleaned.
Moreover, these measuring instruments, which are employed in calibration laboratories, are very expensive with prices ranging from 15,000 to 30,000 Euros, depending on the specific design.
Measuring instruments used in industrial facilities today are typically based on electrical instead of optical methods.
A common procedure up until now has been the measurement via aluminium oxide sensors with a surface-active capacitor open towards the atmosphere.
The deposition of water molecules on the surface of the aluminium oxide changes the capacity of the sensor and this change is used for calculating the measured value.
Problematic with this type of sensor are the drift, the response time and, above all, the stability over time.
Furthermore, these sensors are not suitable for damage monitoring in the event of condensate formation because the aluminium oxide layer of the sensor does not react very well to high humidities.
A number of manufacturers state calibration cycles of 6 months for their aluminium oxide sensors.
Consequently, these sensors only have a limited suitability for humidity monitoring under industrial conditions.
With the new generation of dewpoint meters the above problems have been virtually eliminated.
A recent arrival on the scene, the dewpoint meters from the German compressed air specialist Beko Technologies , are even a precision step ahead.
This company - with headquarters in the German town of Neuss on the Rhine and a worldwide sales network - has chosen the future-oriented technology of capacitive polymer sensors.
In contrast to open-pored aluminium oxide sensors, the capacitive polymer sensors of the Beko instruments are equipped with a closed capacitor.
The cover electrode of this capacitor is penetrated solely by water vapour that diffuses through it, and any other particles contained in the air are excluded.
The vapour attaches itself reversibly to the polymer, thereby changing the sensor capacity.
The crucial point here is that dust, dirt, oil or other substances can, at most, settle on the smooth surface of the capacitive sensor, but they cannot penetrate into the sensor.
This reduces misinterpretations to an absolute minimum, because it is only the water vapour entering by diffusion that can influence the measuring effect.
Different to the usual sensors whose rough surface makes them difficult to clean, often leaving dirt pockets, Beko capacitive sensors can be cleaned easily and completely.
They are also suitable for application across the entire measuring range: from 0 to 100 percent relative air humidity.
It is even recommended to clean the sensor, if required, with water or alcohol.
This results in another advantage: an extremely fast response time compared with aluminium oxide sensors.
In the case of polymer sensors, there is no droplet formation in the first place, because the water enters and escapes merely in the form of vapour.
The adaptation period therefore only amounts to minutes, with complete wetting and subsequent drying.
Assuming an oncoming flow of more than three litres per minute, the response time will only be about 15 seconds! In practice, the fast reaction of these sensors is ideal, for instance when a dryer fault occurs at a dewpoint of -20 C.
Under such conditions, the sensors register a rise in the dewpoint within seconds and give an alarm signal before the condensate spreads throughout the pipe network.
This is why the dewpoint meters should be installed directly downstream of the dryer.
The flow through the measuring chamber of these innovative Beko instruments even takes place, under pressure, when compressed air is not being withdrawn.
In other words, volumetric flow is not a prerequisite for obtaining exact measuring results within the shortest possible time.
The measuring chamber, which has a purge air outlet, can easily be subjected to pressures of up to 16 bar.
And that with an accuracy of +/-0.5C at pressure dewpoints between -10 and +40C! With pressure dewpoints between -10C and -40C, the accuracy still amounts to an impressive +/- 2C.
With three different versions to choose from, two stationary meters and a portable one, the Beko instruments cover a dewpoint measuring range from -80 to +50C.
While the first stationary system is designed for a PDP range of -10 to +50C - making it particularly suitable downstream of refrigeration dryers - the second permanently installed device offers a PDP measuring range between -80 and +20C, and is therefore the preferred option for combination with membrane and absorption dryers.
The portable dewpoint meter, which has a practical pistol handle, can be used right across the above temperature range.
A snap coupling mechanism ensures safe and easy connection to any desired point in the pipe network.
The display shows the measured values directly in situ, including min./max.
values, but the data acquired can also be called up from the internal long-time memory via a PC interface.
Additionally, the optional software of the stationary pressure dewpoint meters allows online integration of the evaluation and alarm functions into the existing process control system.
All three variants are supplied ready for immediate use.
The stationary units come ready for wall-mounting and only need to be plugged into the mains.
The portable device is equipped with an internal rechargeable battery that has a very long lifetime.
Today’s compressed air pipe systems are still on the losing side: leaks are quite common and this may waste as much as 30 percent of flow.
These leakage points - often located at flanged, screwed or plug-in connections - necessarily lead to errors in humidity measurement.
This is because of the large difference in the partial water vapour pressure of the relatively dry compressed air and the moist ambient air, which results in moisture penetrating into the pipe.
Humidity or dewpoint measurement in compressed air systems should therefore, wherever possible, be accompanied by effective checking and locating of leaks.
For this purpose, the new Beko dewpoint meters are complemented by the ‘Leak Detector’ from the same company.
This hand-held, 17-centimetre long device, weighing only 400 grams, is able to locate even the smallest leaks with millimetre precision, leaks that can be neither seen nor heard by human beings.
However, there is one type of sound - ultrasound - generated at the leakage points because the air molecules escape at high velocities and cause friction at the material edges.
And this is the speciality of the Leak Detector: it is designed to pick up ultrasound frequencies.
The instrument has such ’sharp ears’ that it can even pinpoint a leak at long distances of up to 15 metres.
This means, for instance, that the operator at floor level can comfortably check compressed air pipes suspended from the high ceiling of a hall.
Similarly, pipes underneath the floor or behind wall panels or pipes otherwise covered up and difficult to access cannot hide from a thorough health check by the Leak Detector.
The third unit in this alliance for securing greater process reliability is the ‘Flowmeter’, a mass flow measuring instrument from Beko Technologies.
It enables the comprehensive analysis and documentation of the four major areas that are the key for optimising the economic performance of compressed air systems: leak elimination, cost unit analysis, capacity utilisation analysis, and energy contracting monitoring.
Supported by a dewpoint meter, leak detector and flowmeter - three ‘watchful assistants’ which are functionally independent from each other - the operator can implement a well-founded compressed air concept for the entire plant.
One thing is beyond doubt: quality-oriented compressed air treatment requires more than a functioning compressor, filter and dryer.
Moisture adsorbing sheet and board
Brownell has introduced moisture adsorbing sheet and board, introduced as a practical alternative to conventional desiccant bags, plus allowing complex shaping and fixing.
Brownell has introduced Moisture Adsorbing Board, developed as a practical alternative to conventional desiccant bags. This allows complex shaping and mechanical fixing to help ensure the maximum use of space, increasingly demanded of moisture protection because of product miniaturisation, often with placement in site by the production process. This sheet-form desiccating agent ensures an excellent level of clean drying in a wide variety of products from high-tech electronics and machinery to pharmaceuticals and food, and from optical equipment, instruments and aircraft parts to drugs and medical supplies.
Low dusting, with no risk of loose desiccants from broken bags, the board can be easily cut, formed, punched, shaped and thermo-formed, or supplied in a standard 297×210 mm sheet size to meet user requirements.
Not water soluble, non corrosive and non deliquescent, it offers excellent cleanliness and even provides a printable surface.
Humidity measurement in H2O2 atmospheres
Humidity levels and temperature must be controlled for optimum performance when using hydrogen peroxide as a sterilising agent, and the Testo hygrotest 650 is the most technically developed means .
The use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a sterilising agent in healthcare and production processes is extremely important to health and safety and has been growing in recent years due to its success. It is critically important that humidity levels and temperature are controlled for optimum performance and the Testo hygrotest 650 is the most technically developed means. The Testo hygrotest 650, with its ground breaking patented filter, converts H2O2 vapour into water vapour and oxygen.
This unique measuring method enables humidity levels to be accurately monitored throughout the various phases of the H2O2 sterilisation cycle without risk to the sensor.
With its fast response time and analogue or digital outputs, the Testo hygrotest 650 may be used in a wide range of monitoring, recording and controlling applications during H2O2 sterilisation applications.
This new, patented technology by Testo is unique to the market.
Furthermore the Testo hygrotest 650 humidity transmitter is available with a display option that is able to calculate and display the so-called mixture dew point which predominates in the H2O2 atmosphere.
Consequently the humidity can be recorded and controlled during the H2O2 phases as well via a third analogue output without undesirable H2O2 condensate to developing.
The use of hydrogen peroxide as a sterilising agent is commonly used in the following applications.
* Sterile bottling plants (beverages and pharmaceuticals).
* Clean rooms.
* Biological safety cabins.
* Glove boxes.
* Operating rooms.
* Isolators.
* Biosafety laboratories.
Measuring moisture in high pressure gas
Michell Instruments have announced an increase in the maximum pressure rating for their Easidew and Cermet II ranges of dewpoint instruments.
Michell Instruments have announced an increase in the maximum pressure rating for their Easidew and Cermet II ranges of dewpoint instruments. These on-line hygrometers are already able to withstand an impressive 300 barg and this has been extended for use in gases with pressures up to 400 barg, believed to be the highest pressure rating of any dewpoint or moisture measurement instrument on the market. All of the Michell Instruments hygrometers that utilise the Ceramic Moisture Sensor feature a glass/metal seal capable of withstanding high-pressure gas.
This high integrity seal allows the sensor to be installed in the process with no possibility of gas leaking from the system through the instruments sensor.
Dewpoint (or dewpoint temperature) is the most common measurement used to determine the amount of water vapour in a gas and is widely used in industries such as compressed air, natural gas, power generation and industrial/medical gas.
Dewpoint is a pressure dependant variable and as the pressure of a gas increases, so does the dewpoint, making condensation more likely to occur and thus heightening the importance of reliable dewpoint measurement.
Measurement of dewpoint in very high-pressure gas is commonly seen in the following applications:.
* Breathing Air: Users of high pressure breathing air cylinders such as firemen or divers appreciate the importance of keeping the dewpoint of their breathing air within specified limits.
Failure do this can cause condensation at the exit valve: the liquid formed, combined with the Joules Thompson cooling effect associated with expanding gases, can cause the valve or regulator to ‘ice up’.
Michell Instruments portable dewpointmeters can be used for spot-checking of the dewpoint within cylinders, whilst the filling of such cylinders can be continuously monitored using the Easidew or Cermet II product ranges.
* Natural Gas Filling Stations: Recently there has been an increase in the number of road vehicles powered by Compressed Natural Gas (CNG).
The gas is taken from a supply of typically 1-1.5 barg which has a dewpoint of around -30 degC.
This gas is compressed to more than 200 barg before being used to fill the gas tank on the vehicle and therefore needs to be dried to prevent condensation in the tanks.
The dryers used for this application are often supplied with a Michell Instruments intrinsically safe dewpoint transmitter to ensure consistent performance.
* Military: Current military machines such as jet aircraft, ships and submarines utilise high-pressure gas for various applications including purging of optical systems and pneumatic actuation of guidance systems.
Portable and on-line dewpointmeters are widely used by military technicians for ensuring that the dewpoint of such gas is below the lowest expected ambient temperature, thus preventing fogging of optical systems (such as periscopes or radar waveguides), or liquid damage to pneumatic actuators.
New humidity sensor uses shear stress hygrometry
Hygrometrix announces the first significant breakthrough in humidity measurement in over 20 years, with the HMX3000 series Hygrotron sensor that uses shear stress/strain hygrometry.
Hygrometrix, a pioneer in humidity and moisture vapour, announces the first significant breakthrough in humidity measurement in over 20 years. The new HMX3000 series humidity transmitter uses a state-of-the-art commercially available ASIC to reduce part count, eliminate costly components and increase product reliability. The ASIC also provides integral 12bit to 16bit temperature measurement.
An integral EEPROM holds the calibration data for the ASIC.
The HMX3000 utilises the Hygrometrix Hygrotron sensor for maximum performance and reliability.
The real breakthrough is the Hygrotron sensor, which has numerous advantages over conventional humidity sensors including accuracy, ruggedness and sensitivity.
Part of the ruggedness is based on the sensor’s similarity to a MEMS pressure sensor.
The sensor uses a proprietary and patented technique call shear stress/strain hygrometry to measure humidity.
This ‘mechanical’ method of converting humidity to voltage via a 4 arm Wheatstone bridge is immune to many of the failure modes that plague other types of sensor technologies.
The key performance advantages to this sensor are: 1.5% accuracy over the full range of 0-100%RH, excellent contamination resistance, immunity to failure modes common in capacitive or resistive humidity technologies, quick response time, low (2mA) power consumption, and broad operating temperature (-40 to 85C).
This is the first major breakthrough in humidity measurement technology in over 20 years.
The new transmitter has full digital calibration and no user adjustments or setup required.
The HMX3000-RH-420 is priced in single unit quantities at US$475.
Volume discounts are available.
Delivery is 4 weeks ARO.
Contact the factory today for more information and to order.
Dew-point transmitter ideal for climatic chambers
The Michell Instruments Optidew is a complete high performance solution for the monitoring and control of dew point and/or humidity within a climatic environmental test chamber.
The Michell Instruments Optidew is a complete solution for the monitoring and control of dew point and/or humidity within a climatic environmental test chamber. The fundamental cooled mirror technology in a state-of-the-art format, not only provides the user with the highest performance and economy of ownership, but also offers unmatched and drift-free, long-term performance. These features allow the Optidew to be effectively deployed in any situation where precise and continuous measurement of the dew point or relative humidity of a process is required.
The climatic chambers may be used for a variety of product test applications, from aerospace and automotive to pharmaceutical and consumer goods testing.
Often the user will test at the extremes of the temperature and humidity envelope placing high demands on the choice of reference standard instruments.
This is where the proven fundamental optical dew-point measurement principle sets the Optidew above lower cost humidity probes that are not as accurate in this type of application.
The Optidew high performance optical dew-point transmitter offers a wide measurement range from the equivalent of from below 0.5 to 100 % RH at ambient temperatures from -40 to +90 C.
Optidew also provides two linear 4-20 mA outputs in addition to serial communications, allowing set-up and monitoring by a suitable computer or PLC system, or via specific Optidew logging software that is provided free of charge with the instrument.
An adjustable volt-free contact alarm means that Optidew can be used for direct process control.
An optional high definition alphanumeric display provides local indication of the measured humidity.
The rugged design means that the Optidew is capable of withstanding virtually all industrial conditions whilst retaining the performance and sensitivity of a high-level reference hygrometer.
The corrosion-resistant sensor in the Optidew provides the user with an instrument that can be used in the most demanding of environments.
Despite its industrial versatility, the transmitter is simple and easy to use and provides a very rapid response to the measured value from start-up.
The Optidew is supremely flexible and can be mounted in a variety of ways to suit the application.
The Optidew sensor can be used as a direct insertion probe in many applications, but it can also be flange mounted, tee mounted, or via an external sample line.
No other transmitter offers such performance and flexibility in a single package.
Class leading depression coupled with cable length capability of up to 250 metres and a pressure rating up to 2 MPa (optionally 25 MPa), makes almost any industrial application possible.
Versatile humidity calculator now available
The new Vaisala Humidity Calculator is a web based software tool that allows the user to calculate several humidity parameters from a known humidity value.
The new Vaisala humidity Calculator is a web based software tool that allows the user to calculate several humidity parameters from a known humidity value. One can quickly convert between units, and see the effects of changing ambient conditions, like temperature and pressure. Relative humidity, dewpoint / frostpoint, absolute humidity, water content, mixing ratio, vapour pressure and parts per million can be calculated easily and quickly with the calculator.
The most commonly used units for each parameter have been included and can be changed during the calculation.
By changing the ambient conditions (temperature and pressure), their effect on each calculated parameter can be seen.
In addition to the online calculator, a downloadable version is also available from the website.
The calculator is also provided locally in several languages.
Initially, we have included English, Chinese, Dutch, German, Finnish, and Japanese.